Understanding Cholesterol: The Good, the Bad, and How to Keep It in Check

Is understanding your cholesterol levels confusing? You’re not alone. Cardiologists often encounter patients concerned about their cholesterol levels. Cholesterol is a type of lipid essential for building cells and producing certain hormones. However, not all cholesterol is created equal. Bayhealth Cardiologist Jennifer Eakin, DO, explains the difference between “good” and “bad” cholesterol and how maintaining healthy levels is crucial for cardiovascular health.

Good Cholesterol: HDL

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as “good” cholesterol.

“HDL plays a protective role in heart health by removing excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transporting it to the liver for excretion,” Dr. Eakin says. “Higher levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart disease and stroke.”

Bad Cholesterol: LDL

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is known as “bad” cholesterol.

“LDL transports cholesterol to various parts of the body, but when levels are too high, it can lead to the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries,” Dr. Eakin says. “This accumulation, known as plaque, narrows and hardens the arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes.”

Triglycerides

While not a type of cholesterol, triglycerides are another important lipid to monitor. High levels of triglycerides can contribute to the hardening of arteries or thickening of the artery walls, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Maintaining Healthy Cholesterol Levels

Dietary Choices: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Incorporate healthy fats such as those found in olive oil, avocados, nuts, and fatty fish like salmon. Limit saturated and trans fats, which are found in red meat, processed foods, and certain dairy products. They can increase LDL cholesterol. Opt for healthier fats such as those found in plant-based oils. Additionally, foods high in soluble fiber, like oats, beans, lentils, apples, and pears, can help reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the bloodstream.

Exercise Regularly: Physical Activity: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week. Activities such as walking, cycling, and swimming can help raise HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol.

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Losing excess weight can improve cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. Even a modest weight loss of 5-10% of body weight can make a significant difference.

Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Quitting smoking improves HDL cholesterol levels and benefits overall cardiovascular health. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to high triglyceride levels and other health issues.

Medications: In some cases, lifestyle changes alone may not be enough to manage cholesterol levels. Statins and other cholesterol-lowering medications can be effective when prescribed by a healthcare provider. It is essential to take these medications as directed.

Regular Monitoring and Consultation

“Regular cholesterol screening and consultations with a healthcare provider are vital,” says Dr. Eakin. “Blood tests can help track cholesterol levels and assess the risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on these results, your doctor can provide personalized recommendations for maintaining or achieving healthy cholesterol levels.”

Visit Bayhealth.org/Heart-And-Vascular to learn about the services we offer.